Hollow fiber membranes are becoming popularity in wastewater treatment applications due to their excellent efficiency and adaptability. These membrane structures consist of tiny fibers arranged in a configuration, providing a extensive surface area for filtration processes. The porous nature of hollow fibers allows for optimized removal of pollutan

PVDF membrane bioreactors represent a promising technology for wastewater treatment. These processes offer several strengths, including efficient removal rates of organic pollutants, minimal sludge generation, and optimized water quality. Additionally, PVDF membranes are known for their durability, making them suitable for long-term operation. To a